Low back pain (LBP) or lumbago is a common disorder involving the muscles, nerves, and bones of the back, in between the lower edge of the ribs and the lower fold of the buttocks. Almost everyone has low back pain at some point in life.
Low back pain is one of the most common global problems. As per a survey dated back to 2017, 7.5% or around 577 million people across the globe face lower back pain. And the numbers are only increasing. Thus, you can imagine the rise in the number in the present day. With such devastating numbers, what interests us are the causes of lower back pain, so that we can take precautions and prevent ourselves from it.
CAUSES OF LOWER BACK PAIN
1.Back strains and sprains By lifting something too heavily or getting in an awkward movement and not lifting an object in a safe manner, it leads to tension in the back muscles and spinal ligaments. There are other ways as well like coughing, sneezing, bending etc by which people have a back strain.
2. Trauma
By meeting an accident, like a car crash or a fall, the bones in the spine can break. Conditions like Spondylosis and Osteoporosis can be a result of trauma.
Spondylolysis occurs when a problem in the spine causes a small crack, or fracture, between two vertebrae (the bones in the spine).
Osteoporosis weakens bones, making them more susceptible to sudden and unexpected fractures. The disease often progresses without any symptoms or pain, and is not found until bones fracture.
3. Disk issues
Function of the disc is to cushion the vertebrae i.e. the small spinal bones. You suffer from the pain when it presses on nerves. Another common Spinal disk problem is slipped disc wherein the soft cushion of tissue between the bones in your spine pushes out. The age factor also plays its role, as with age the disk can flatten and offer less protection leading to severe pain.
4. Structural spinal problems
You may suffer from lower back and sciatic nerve pain when something is pinching in the spinal cord. This can be a result of a condition called Spinal Stenosis. It happens when the spinal column is too narrow for the spinal cord. Another cause mostly in teenage adults is scoliosis – a sideways curvature of the spine.
5. Ankylosing spondylitis and Osteoarthritis
These are the most common types of Arthritis and reason for back pain. They cause inflammation and stiffness in the spine.
6. Diseases
Several types of diseases and infections can too cause lower back pain. Diseases like kidney stones, abdominal aortic aneurysm and a few types of cancer can lead to LBP.
7. Spondylolisthesis
The pain is caused by slipping of one of your vertebrae, bones of your spine, onto the vertebrae below it. This often leads to low back pain as well as leg pain. strains and sprains
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